London Olympic Stadium construction details

Construction on the London Olympic Stadium started in May 2008 and progress to date has included: - Over 4,500 reinforced concrete columns installed as the foundations - 28 steel sections of the roof compression truss lifted into place - each weigh 85 tonnes and are 15m high by 30m lon Stadium height: 62.7 m Pre-cast units in stadium bowl: 8,000 Reinforced pre-cast concrete within stadium bowl: 9,250 m³ Roof area: 24,500 m² Length of cable in roof: 6,000 m Weight of steel construction: 10,000 t Stadium entrances: 56 Rooms and spaces in stadium: 700 More photos in the picture galler Olympic Stadium site under construction in October 2009 The stadium site is on former industrial land between the River Lea (which rejoins the Navigation below Old Ford Lock), the City Mill River, and the Old Pudding Mill River; parts of the Bow Back Rivers London 2012 Olympic Stadium - Designing Buildings Wiki - Share your construction industry knowledge. The UK Olympic Stadium has an innovative design of permanent and temporary structures intended to meet the 80,000 games spectator capacity and a 25,000 legacy spectator capacity

London Olympic Stadium Construction - e-architec

• The concrete bowl of the London Olympic Stadium is topped by a scaffolding with extra seating, a cable-net roof, a plastic wrap with a mural design. The London Olympic Stadium is built on an island in Stratford in the Lower Lea valley. The fabric membrane roof of the Olympic Stadium covers two-thirds of the spectators
• Structural Steel Design Awards 2012 - Award. The brief was for a stadium of 80,000 capacity to host the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games with the flexibility to transform into a smaller 25,000 capacity venue for the legacy. The requirement for a temporary 55,000 seat structure resulted in a lightweight demountable steelwork design.
• The London Olympic and Paralympic Games was a 'mega project' that involved around 80,000 people just on the construction alone. The project transformed Stratford (a run-down area of east London) into a 2.5 km2 Olympic Park with facilities that include an athletics stadium, an aquatics centre, a velodrome and a BMX track
• London Olympic stadium as originally constructed. Original stadium roof. The new roof consists of a primary cable net structure supporting articulated steel trusses which create the upper roof profile and in turn support the roof coverings
• for this stadium consisted of many construction companies prepared to drive down their costs in order to win the bid. High profile large construct projects in the past meant many of the large UK construction companies were reluctant to even bid. For example, Multiplex (now renamed Brookfield Construction) built the new £750

Details of West Ham's Olympic Stadium deal released by the London Legacy Campaigners for transparency over West Ham United's move to the Olympic Stadium have scored a major victory. The Olympic Stadium is a specialist stadium designed to be as sustainable as possible whilst catering for an Olympic event. The £496m project began in 2007 and is due for completion ready for the Olympic Games in 2012. The Olympic Stadium is located in the south of the Olympic Park on an 'island' site, surrounded by waterways on three sides ability discussions and their revealing implications on stadium-construction up to the forthcoming London 2012 Olympic Games and its stadium. The focus will be on the notions of flexibility in stadium designand post-event maintenance of stadiums for sus-tainable urban environment. Keywords: Mega-event Stadia, Stadium Construction, Sustainability, Olympics, World Football Cup INTRODUCTION: MEGA-EVENT STADIUMS AND CITIE It stands at 60m in height above the field of play and the perimeter is 860 m. 33 buildings on the Olympic Stadium site had been demolished and over 800000 tonnes of soil was taken away before construction could begin - enough to fill London's Royal Albert Hall nine times over The cost of retrofitting the Stadium has risen from a budgeted £190 million to £323 million. The stadium's approved business case forecasted a surplus, but it will now lose over £10 million every year. On 1 November 2016, Sadiq Khan announced an investigation into the rising costs of West Ham's London Stadium[1]

The London 2012 Olympic Games project was designed by global architecture and design practice Populous. The stadium design and construction team has been led by Sir Robert McAlpine, with Populous as the architect and Buro Happold as the designer of the civil, structural and building services work. Hyland Edgar Driver was the landscape architects The London Olympic Stadium is sited on a diamond-shaped island between two existing waterways, located within the southern section of the new Olympic Park. The seating bowl is compact, bringing all..

London 2012 - Olympic Stadium - DETAIL - Construction Detail

The original stadium was an open structure within the Olympic Park so a wall had to be built to house exit gates, entry turnstiles, catering units and additional toilets and to make the stadium secure. What did LABC add? This was a complex, challenging and unprecedented conversion 4. Construction (12-30 months) 5. Operation (Ongoing) 1. Project vision Project conceptualisation Vision development Feasibility assessment-Market-Financial-Technical-Legal Design Permitting Construction Stadium management Key phases, milestones, timings and the main professionals involved in the development process Market and financial advisor Check out this amazing time-lapsed footage of the Olympic Stadium roof being constructed. For more *free* behind the scenes footage sign up to West Ham TV no.. london 2012 olympic architecture and venues . in july 2011, one year before the opening of the 2012 games, the main venues and infrastructure for the london summer olympics were constructed and.

London Stadium - Wikipedi

• Hosted by Fred Mills, The B1M is the world's largest and most subscribed-to video channel for construction. We bring you new videos EVERY Wednesday at 12 noon BST // 7am Eastern. Our mission is.
• The Delivery Partner was comprised of three construction industry leaders, who were responsible for the construction of all new venues and infrastructure needed for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic Park will house nine state-of-the-art venues including the Olympic stadium, velodrome and aquatics center
• Olympic stadium. Sited at the heart of the park, the 53m-high Olympic Stadium will seat 80,000. It has a roof area of 24,500ft² but will be converted after the games into an athletics / sports stadium with permanent seating capacity for 25,000 spectators (there is hope to permanently base a sports team here of some sort)
• The 2012 London Olympic Stadium Using BIM. 2012. So the Olympics is fully underway and a hot topic, so I thought I would set an Olympics theme, with a BIM twist! Let's began with a look at how BIM helped build the 2012 London Olympic Stadium
• The original 2005 bid promised to create an 80,000-seat stadium and convert it into a 25,000-seat mixed-use facility afterwards. But, in 2009, with construction already under way, the newly installed head of the Olympic legacy team, Margaret Ford, proposed that the plan for a demountable stadium able to reduce to 25,000 seats be scrapped
• The London Velodrome was built for the 2012 Olympic Games. It was the most energy efficient building on the Olympic site and has been called the most sustainable stadium ever. The team from Expedition worked hard to develop the most light-weight structure possible
• Amy Frearson | 27 July 2011 30 comments. The aquatics centre designed by Zaha Hadid for the London 2012 Olympic Games is complete. The 17,500-seat centre is the final permanent venue to be.

Rose Etherington | 31 March 2011 34 comments Here are some photos of the completed 2012 London Olympic Stadium designed by Populous. Construction was completed this week and the 80,000-seat stadium.. U krijgt Direct Een Bevestiging. Reserveer Online, Laagste Prijzen. Hotels voor de helft van de prijs. Boek in 110000 bestemmingen over de hele wereld OLYMPIC STADIUM, LONDON. VINCI Facilities is to maintain London's Olympic Park stadium as part of a 25 year concessions contract awarded to VINCI Stadium. This is the first stadium concession to be awarded to VINCI outside France. The 25-year contract covers operation and maintenance of the stadium and managing the stadium during events London Olympic Stadium is a stadium / arena and steel structure that was built from 2008 until 2011. The project is located in Stratford, Newham, London, England, United Kingdom

London's Olympic Stadium: larger than life but built to shrink. The 80,000 seat London Olympic Stadium is a massive arena designed to morph into a much smaller community venue after the Olympic. Pictures: Building London's Olympic Stadium. CW takes a look at how the 80,000 seater venue was constructed. Article by Fane Vinte. 174. Stadium Architecture Office Building Architecture Architecture Panel Concept Architecture Architecture Details Olympic Stadium London Sectional Perspective Olympic Venues Helsinki london 2012 olympic architecture and venues . in july 2011, one year before the opening of the 2012 games, the main venues and infrastructure for the london summer olympics were constructed and.

A stadium of this large capacity will not be of use in the area after the Olympics so the top tier of seating which consists of 55,000 seats would be removed after the games and sold again. This. He can recount war stories about previous Olympics where facilities ended up in disarray post-event. For London, legacy came first in the planning, says Nichol. For example, the main stadium requires 80,000 seats; but few continually operating stadiums need that much capacity. So London will build a stadium with 25,000 permanent seats London Olympics Village buildings, investor - Delancey and Qatari Diar Joint Venture, news, - Construction work started on the Olympic Village in June 2008 with the first of 11 residential plots completed in March 2011. London Olympics Stadium Welcome to London Stadium (ex Olympic Stadium), a superb multi-use venue to bring fans closer to music, sport and entertainment in a World Class environment.. Find world-class events, the view from your seat, travel and ticket information, venue hire, stadium tours and hospitality service The Olympics were only suspended for one day, September 5, to pay tribute at the Olympic Stadium athletes killed before the abandonment of the Israeli delegation to the competition. Situation. Located in the heart of the Olympiapark München in northern Munich, the Olympic Stadium was the main venue for the 1972 Games held in this city of Germany

London 2012 Olympic Stadium - Designing Buildings Wik

1. The innovative seating at the London Stadium allows concerts, world class athletics, rugby and football all to be hosted in one place. A new postcode for London We are helping the UK's capital city tackle its acute housing shortage by overseeing the creation of 10,000 new homes in the new E20 postcode - with a third of homes being affordable housing
2. Stadium construction and seating. Just ask for more details. Experience - Stadium Construction. View Larger More Details. Worcester Rugby Football Club - stadium redevelopment. 7,000 seats plus concessions and hospitality created at Worcester Rugby Football Club. Love 1
3. The London 2012 Olympic Stadium forms the centrepiece of the largest new park created in Europe for a century. Designed with an 80,000 capacity for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Stadium is designed such that it can be dismantled down to a 25,000 capacity venue if required for its longer-term use

London 2012 Olympic Stadium - Verdict Designbuil

1. As the Olympic torch arrived to light the cauldron at Olympic Stadium on July 27, it was greeted by an honor guard of 500 hardhat-wearing construction workers, many of whom had helped to build.
2. g the Stadium from a temporary athletics venue more detail may have proved helpful. When we
3. There have been no construction-related deaths recorded in the development of the London Olympic site. With the build now complete and the project at final fitting out stages the Olympic Delivery Authority have confirmed there were no fatalities during the Stratford stadium's four year build
4. London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games created the need for a major regeneration and construction programme to provide the venues and infrastructure needed to stage the Games. The programme of construction was extensive, technically and politically challenging, and up against

The Stadium will host the athletics events and the Opening and Closing Ceremonies during the London 2012 Games. 80,000 seats in Games mode and flexible design allows venue to be scaled back to 25,000 seats in legacy. 33 buildings had to be demolished and over 800,000 tonnes of soil was taken away to help create the construction platform for the Stadium - enough to fill the Royal Albert Hall. Mar 15, 2015 - london olympic stadium section - Google Searc London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Sochi 2014 sure decision makers are not drowned in detail Construction Management Fees 1 .11 05 01 Project & Development Management Fee 1.11.05.01.02 Cost Incentive Fee 1.11.05.01.03 Budget includes £ 95 million transferred fro

Olympic Stadium, London - SteelConstruction

1. (Source: London Olympics Construction Is Safest In Recent Times) Lagging and Leading Indicators Based on the estimated number of man-hours and the amount of the workers that would be on-site, the United Kingdom estimated that the entire project would incur three deaths and more than 500 serious injuries, with perhaps 100 or so of those dramatically changing the workers' lives
2. When the London Olympic Stadium was designed it was with an ethos of 'embracing the temporary' in the knowledge that, post-Games, its function would change and, as a result, the structure would need to change too. Such foresight paid dividends when it was announced that the stadium would become the new home of West Ham United football club at the beginning of the 2016/17 season
3. 2012 London Olympics - provides an excellent hook to engage students all round the world in learning about the culture and more about Britain.The 2012 Summer Olympic Games will be held in London from 27 July to 12 August 2012, followed by the 2012 Paralympic Games from 29 August to 9 September. Previously London hosted the Olympic Games in 1908 and 1948
4. The Olympic Stadium has been officially opened and here are some facts and figures about one of London's most modern constructions. It is not the first Olympic stadium to be built in London.

28.06.2015 London: Worker dies at Olympic Stadium. 44-year-old subcontractor was found dead this morning after reportedly falling from height. Works were stopped on Olympic Stadium revamp, pending further developments. 22.06.2015 London: Olympic Stadium insanely expensive. It's the first time we're using the word insane in the title West Ham's Olympic Stadium deal explained: from Water City to the London Stadium After London's mayor Sadiq Khan ordered an inquiry into the inflated cost of the stadium, a look at how the. Construction Materials The Aquatics Centre is designed with an inherent flexibility to accommodate 17,500 spectators for the London 2012 Games in 'Olympic' mode while also providing. The London Aquatic Centre is designed to accommodate the London 2012 Olympic Games whilst also providing the optimum size and capacity for use in legacy mode beyond the event. The site is positioned on the south eastern edge of the Olympic Park with direct proximities to Stratford and new pedestrian access from Stratford City Bridge crossing over it East Village is a housing development in Stratford, East London that was designed and constructed as the Olympic Village of the 2012 Summer Olympics and has been converted for use as a new residential district, complete with independent shops, bars and restaurants. The area was formerly contaminated waste land and industrial buildings to the north of Stratford town centre

The London Olympics Institution of Civil Engineer

Olympic Stadium transformation. We transformed the iconic former London Olympic stadium into a multi-purpose sporting venue. Using complex engineering techniques, we reinvigorated the stadium after the London 2012 Olympic Games, transforming it into a modern venue for a range of sports events. The stadium is now also the home of West Ham United FC the London 2012 construction programme comprising: n Leadership and worker involvement on the Olympic Park. n Occupational health provision on the Olympic Park and Athletes' Village. n London 2012: The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 - duty holder roles and impact. n Safety culture on the Olympic Park Construction on the Olympic Stadium began in 2007. At $785 million, its building cost was less than half the price of today's top-level football stadiums in New York and Texas. The result was a.

Legacy Planning in Building & Construction - Case Study: The Olympic Games. Olympic host cities in the past have struggled, and may not be accurate in terms of technical details.) The London Olympic stadium during the 2012 Games versus The Olympic stadium now refurbished as a Football Stadium.. Stadium construction. We provided marquees, pagodas, temporary structures and spectator grandstands at the London Stadium and throughout the capital. Love 0. View Larger More Details. Hay Literature Festival. Our seating in use for the Basketball Arena at The London 2012 Olympic games. Love 0. View Larger More Details As the world eagerly awaits the Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver, London is ramping up their own construction plans for the 2012 Olympics. And we just learne Beijing and Sydney's Olympic stadiums, since the games, have both been unsustainable. There isn't the demand for the size of stadium the Birds Nest provides and therefore, it is financially unsustainable. Having learnt from Beijing and Sydney's games, London gave the legacy of the Olympic facilities a great deal of thought

engineering, construction and project management. The Olympic Park is at the heart of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Nine new world-class sporting venues, the Olympic and Paralympic Village and media centres, all set in fantastic new parklands, will be a fabulous stage for the world's athletes to perform at their best Wembley Stadium - Designing Buildings Wiki - Share your construction industry knowledge. Wembley Stadium is the largest stadium in the UK and the second-largest in Europe, with a capacity of 90,000. Completed in 2007, it was built on the site of the original stadium which dated back to 1923 and that with its 'twin towers' was perhaps the most famous in the world With the bulk of construction work on 2012 venues yet to begin on site, it is still too early to assess the full impact of the 2012 Olympics on the UK construction industry. However, the bulk of Olympic construction expenditure is likely to occur within the period 2008-2011, with workload generated by the 2012 Games expected to add around 1.5% output to all new build construction output over. Former Olympic and Paralympic venues - including London Stadium, the London Aquatics Centre, the Copper Box Arena and Lee Valley VeloPark - sit alongside innovative business districts, quality neighbourhoods, excellent schools and universities, the biggest names in culture and a talented workforce, and combine to make Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park a global centre for London Le stade olympique de Londres (London Olympic Stadium en anglais) est le principal stade des Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012.Le stade est situé à Lower Lea Valley sur le site de Stratford dans la banlieue Est de Londres, au cœur du parc olympique, et a une capacité théorique de 80 000 spectateurs

Jim Heverin, director at Zaha Hadid Architects, with experience in sports venues, including the design of the Aquatics Centre for the London Olympics in 2012, was at the helm of the team of designers, engineers and architects that delivered the design that is now taking shape in Al Wakrah, recently surpassing the great milestone of the first concrete pouring, and getting one step closer to. Sports stadiums and arenas are unique, and an in-depth understanding of Safety at Sports Grounds legislation is a must when providing building control services these projects. Read our case study for Plymouth Life Centre and view some of the projects local authority building control teams have worked on below The Olympic stadium in Baku is a prime example of the benefits of BIM, showcasing the speed and design quality at every level of its development. The new 68,000-seat, retractable roof stadium was designed to meet the highest international standards for stadiums set by the UEFA LONDON - Tottenham Hotspur Stadium / New White Hart Lane... Oliver you ask a lot of very specific questions, Stadium Architecture Parametric Architecture Art And Architecture Architecture Details Structural Drawing Community Shield Concrete Column White Hart Lane Football Stadiums Our unique spaces host more than 200 events a year including, business, fashion, comic & movies. Find out about the latest events and book your tickets today

Legacy was always at the heart of the London Olympics. Lessons for project and programme management form part of the ODA's Learning Legacy project. A growing body of resources is available on the London 2012 website. The materials range from brief policy statements through to detailed document templates and academic research reports Description: Estadio Santiago Bernabéu. The concept was first presented in October 2012, when Real Madrid announced four finalists of the international design competition for Santiago Bernabeu 20.08.2018 London: Changes coming to West Ham stadium. Perimeter of the football field will be repainted from bright green to, most likely, claret. This will not only represent WHU colours, but also improve visibility for players. Other versions of this stadium. London Olympic Stadium; Stadiums in England National Stadium. Wembley; Premier. Project: Erection of steel frameworks for the London Olympic Stadium.. Equipment: Liebherr LR11350, LR1600, LR1300 and LTR1100.. Activity: Construction of the stadium involved Weldex crawler cranes erecting all steel frameworks.A major challenge in the installation of the rooftop lighting towers was in lifting the columns over the inner steel framework ring and ensuring the feet were then at. We were proud to be selected as the main contractor for London's Olympic Stadium. We were eager to create a venue that would not only capture the world's attention, but would showcase innovative design, sustainability, engineering excellence and collaborative working

the London 2012 Olympic stadium. The Olympic stadium and its ancillary facilities could also be designed to have a limited lifespan, with the intention of totally or partially dismantling them after the Games. The Future Arena in Rio, which hosted the handball events of the 2016 Games, was designed to b The construction firms working on the regeneration of the London Olympic stadium have launched a video, demonstrating the sustainable methods used within the project. See the video here. Balfour Beatty, working with Populous, Buro Happold and the London Legacy Development Corporation, have redesigned the iconic stadium, originally built to host London's 2012 games The Olympic stadium is the lightest stadium built for a Games to date (Source: ODA) Unique features: The Olympic Stadium mixes elements of temporary and permanent into its design. The lower tiers of seating - the permanent elements - sit snugly within a bowl in the ground, minimising the need for external construction materials London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic stadium transformed for the future Innovative design and engineering have helped to transform the former Olympic Stadium into a world-class permanent, multi-use venue for football, athletics and concerts, with original components added, replaced, reused. The main change to the stadium was its new cantilever roof - the largest spanning tensil Stadium Operator LONDON STADIUM 185 - STADIUM OPERATOR. In February 2015, London Stadium 185 (LS185), a subsidiary of VINCI Stadium, was appointed by E20 to operate the venue on a day-to-day basis. In January 2019, E20 agreed with VINCI Stadium for E20 to take on the business and bring it in-house

Erection engineering analysis for the London Stadium Roo

road construction and surfacing works to the London 2012 games. Over 1 million tonnes of aggregate fill materials were delivered to the Olympic Park, in addition to the aggregates required for over 400,000m3 of concrete production 3.1.1 Olympic stadium for the modern Olympic Games 1896 58-62 Illustration 4 BREEAM 2011 New Construction environmental sections and 41 assessment issues Illustration 11 White City Stadium London, Olympic Games 1908 60 Illustration 12 Berlin Olympic Stadium,. CHALLENGE. The legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games was not just about creating sporting history, but also in reshaping a large part of the host city; creating a new 500-acre park, new homes and extensive community facilities in east London. When Populous designed the London 2012 Olympic Stadium, it was with an ethos of 'embracing the temporary', in the knowledge that. Mapei contributed to the \London Olympic Stadium\ project (London). Find out the intervention we carried out, the solutions adopted, products used and much mor

While many are engaged in the Olympic games and spend hours cheering on their favourite Olympians, few think about what happens to the stadiums after the games are over. In this article we take a look at some of the Olympic stadiums from the 2000's and the fate they faced once the hype was over The London Olympic Stadium will be the centrepiece of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. The stadium is located at Marshgate Lane in Stratford in the Lower Lea Valley and has capacity for the games of approximately 80,000 making it temporarily the third largest stadium in Britain behind Wembley Stadium and Twickenham Stadium. Land preparation for the stadium began in mid 2007, with the. Building Construction 2 Project 2 Report 1. LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM 2012 2. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 [ARC 2513] Project 2: Understanding Forces in Solid Structure and Surface Structure Tutor: Mr Bruce Lee Xia Sheng GROUP MEMBERS: TAN WEI HOW (0310707) YONG CHANG THENG (0310925) LEE YUAN JUNE (0311128) WONG. Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre is located on the part of Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park known as Eton Manor, which during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games staged the Paralympic Wheelchair Tennis Competition. The primary hockey pitch has a capacity of 3,000 which can be increased to 15,000 for major events View top-quality stock photos of London 2012 Olympics Stadium. Find premium, high-resolution stock photography at Getty Images

Mega-project Management: a Case Study of The London

West London Security was chosen by the main contractors, McAlpine Construction, to carry out the CCTV security systems and communications package in the ArcelorMittal Orbit tower, which was built overlooking the Olympic stadium and offered spectacular views of the Olympic Park and surrounding area The construction of all the new main venues and infrastructure for the London 2012 Games is now complete. Construction progress by 14 November 2011: The final piece of turf has been laid on the field of play in the Olympic Stadium, marking completion of construction of the venue. Construction has been completed on the Basketball Aren LONDON - Tottenham Hotspur Stadium / New White Hart Lane... Oliver you ask a lot of very specific questions, Stadium Architecture Parametric Architecture Concept Architecture Architecture Details Structural Drawing Community Shield Concrete Column White Hart Lane Football Stadiums London's ability to draw businesses to Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park six years after the Summer Games has attracted the attention of other host cities

Details of West Ham's Olympic Stadium deal must be made

The Olympic Stadium roof thus represents one of the first major projects that our office founders jointly managed. In order to preserve the listed building for the public, the current condition of the entire roof structure is to be recorded. sbp was commissioned for the recalculation and structural inspection of the complete cable net roof structure See all of London from the UK's tallest sculpture, dare to ride on the world's longest and tallest tunnel slide, or just taking in the stunning views of London's skyline. Created by Anish Kapoor and Cecil Balmond, the magnificent looping structure of the ArcelorMittal Orbit is an iconic symbol of Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and the London 2012 Games Update for supporters on London Stadium reconfiguration plans. London Stadium. Wednesday 08 Jul 12:30. View the Billy Bonds Stand fan mosaics. London Stadium. Saturday 27 Jun 16:00. Fly your flags at London Stadium! London Stadium. Saturday 20 Jun 18:25. Fans at the fore in our Premier League restart

London 2012 Olympics: The Olympic Stadium made in Britain. The grass came from Scunthorpe, the seats from Luton and the roof from Bolton. He could be talking about his new back garden but John. I n July 2005, British crowds cheered as the city was selected to host the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. London 2012 will be big.Roughly 14,700 Olympic athletes from 205 nations and 4,200 Paralympic athletes are expected to arrive for 46 Olympic and Paralympic Games in 55 venues within 77 days Reports released by the Olympic Committee also show how over the last decades, similar Olympic facilities have also boasted additional sustainability credentials in relation to air pollution management (Beijing, 2008), minimisation of waste generation and recycling (London, 2012) and carbon footprint assessment & energy efficient technology implementation (Rio Janeiro, 2016).(6 So says David Higgins, Chief Executive of the Olympic Delivery Authority. One of the words Higgins would not like attached to his brand is - rubbish. Yet rubbish features large in relation to the London Olympics. The Main Stadium, Basketball Arena, Velodrome, and the Media Centre are all built on rubbish, or to be more exact former rubbish dumps